施肥对大棚土壤有效态重金属含量及生物效应的影响

Effects of Fertilization on Soil Available Heavy Metal Content and Biological Effects in Greenhouse

采用田间大棚栽培试验,研究了施用有机肥、有机无机肥配施和无机肥等不同施肥处理对大棚土壤有效态重金属含量以及黄瓜重金属含量的影响。结果表明,施肥可增加黄瓜产量,且随无机肥配施量的提高而增加。施用有机肥可降低土壤有效态Pb含量、提高Cd含量,对Cu、Zn和Cr的含量影响作用不显著;有机无机肥配施可提高大棚土壤有效态Cu、Cd和Cr的含量、降低Pb的含量,对Zn的影响较小;施用无机肥可提高土壤有效态Cu和Cr含量,对Zn、Pb和Cd的含量影响作用不显著。不同施肥处理黄瓜中Cu和Zn含量的变化规律基本相同,其含量随无机肥配施量的提高而增加;有机无机肥配施处理黄瓜中Pb、Cd和Cr含量随无机肥配施量的提高而呈逐渐降低的趋势。合理施用有机肥、无机肥或有机无机肥配施对大棚土壤有效态重金属含量的影响作用较小,也不会对黄瓜造成重金属污染。

Greenhouse cultivation experiment was conducted to study the effects of application of organic fertilizer, organic and inorganic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizer on available heavy metal content in Greenhouse Soil as well as the impact on heavy metal content in cucumber. The results showed that fertilization increase the yield of cucumber, which increased with the increasing application of inorganic fertilizer. Application of organic fertilizer reduce soil available Pb content, increase the Cd content but it had no significant infuluence on Cu, Zn and Cr. Organic and inorganic fertilizers application can increase the soil available Cu, Cd and Cr while it reduce Pb content and had little effect on Zn. Inorganic fertilizer application can increase the content of soil available Cu and Cr, but it was not significant to Zn, Pb and Cd content. The changes of Cu and Zn content in cucumber are basically the same with different fertilizer treatments. And it was increased with the increasing of inorganic fertilizer. Cucumber Pb, Cd and Cr content by fertilization gradually decreased with the increase of inorganic fertilizer. Appropriate application of fertilizers had little effects on soil available heavy metal and it wont cause heavy metal contamination to cucumber.