俄罗斯产业结构的调整、问题与影响

The Adjustment,Problems and Impact of Russia's Industrial Structure

2008年下半年以来,金融危机和油价暴跌重创俄罗斯经济,并使俄罗斯产业结构问题更加突出。在1992—1998年的经济衰退中,俄罗斯产业结构的调整具有明显的消极性和被动性。在1999年以来俄罗斯经济的迅速攀升中,俄政府没有利用这一有利时机进行产业结构调整,而是采取"消极适应"的政策,于是出现了今天俄罗斯产业结构的双元现象(优化与恶化):一方面,俄罗斯总的产业结构发生了积极的变化,不仅三次产业的关系得到了初步的调整,而且产业结构出现了走向高级化的趋势;另一方面,俄罗斯各产业内部的结构愈发不合理,甚至呈现倒退的态势。在消极和被动中调整的俄罗斯产业结构,对俄罗斯的贸易结构产生了重要影响,并导致它在国际分工格局中定位选择的困境。

Since the second half of 2008, the financial crisis and the collapse in oil prices have stroked the Russian economy heavily, which expose prominently Russia＇s industrial structure problems. During the period of 1992-1998 recession, Russia＇s industrial restructuring has an obviously negative and passive character. Since 1999, the Russian economy has witnessed a rapid growth. However, the Russian government did not take advantage of this favorable opportunity to carry out industrial restructuring, but rather adopting a ＂passive adaptation＂ policy, which results in Russia＇s dual industrial structure （optimization and deterioration） today. On the one hand, Russia＇s total industrial structure has undergone positive changes, not only there has been preprimary adjustment in the relationship between the three industries, but there is a high-level trend in the industrial structure ; on the other hand, the internal structure of Russian industry seems to become more unreasonable, even somewhat backwards. The negative and passive adjustment of the Russian industrial structure has an important impact on Russian trade structure. It further leads to its dilemma of position in the international division of labor structure.