“孰与”的语法化

"孰与" on a Grammatical Basis

双音节词"孰与"是由"……与……孰……"结构派生而来。当"孰"由于疑问句中疑问代词前置的类推作用位移到"与"的前面时,表示比较维度的X就随之产生了位移,并在语境或语言习惯的影响下最终消失。"与"并列连词的性质逐渐消失而演化成一个介词成分,"孰"的指代性逐渐减弱,在句中和"与"的关系一步步密切,最终两者结合成只表示比较的双音节词"孰与"。在这个过程中,说话人的移情焦点起了很大的作用。

The disyllabic word ＂敦与＂ is derived from the structure of ＂与……敦……＂ . When ＂敦＂ goes before ＂与＂ as a result of grammatical rule that the interrogative pronoun should be pre - positioned in questions, the position of X that shows comparative dimensions is to be shifted and in the end disappeared under the influence of the context and usual practice of expression. Then, the nature of ＂与＂ as a coordinating conjunction gradually disappears and becomes a preposition. The demonstrative nature of ＂敦＂ is gradually weakened and its relation with ＂与＂ becomes closer and closer. And in the end, the two words get combined to form a disyllabic word＂ 敦与＂ showing merely comparison. The empathy focus of the speaker plays an important role to the change.