竞赛压力对运动技术效应的理论探讨

A Theoretic Discussion upon Effects of Competitive Pressure on Sport Skills

研究从运动项目技术要求特征来分析"Choking"发生的机制,目的在于解释运动员在竞赛的压力下为什么付出了努力却发生了"Choking"的现象。研究运用"项群理论"分类的方法,把运动项目分为体能类为主的运动项目和技能类为主的运动项目。在此基础上,进一步根据"Choking"的过程理论,分析了这两类运动项目中努力和技术要求的分配问题。研究结论认为,在竞赛压力的条件下,运动员增加的努力对不同技术含量的运动执行效应是不同的。具体地讲,努力会有助于提高技术含量相对较少的运动项目,但是会有害于技术含量相对较多的运动项目。

Based on characteristics of skill demands, this article is to analyze the ＂Choking＂ phenomenon in sports, in which aims to explain why athletes under competitive presstrre choked with greater efforts. Using the approach of classifieation from ＂the eventgroup theory＂, we divided sporting events into tasks mainly require either physical fitness or skill. Then, we analyze the distribution issues of effort and skill demands within the categorization. The conclusion from this article is that in the pressure situations, effort may have different effects on athletic performance depending on skill demands. More specifically, the effort may be benefit to performance relatively requiring more efforts but harmful to performance relatively demanding more skills.