法律思维路径之辨——以规范结构为基点

On the Path of Legal Thinking:based on the regulation structure

法律规范的结构表明,其以对象标准为法效果标准指示对象。由此,法律思维的基本模式即是通过对象判断达成法效果判断。这一模式将思维目标归于法效果判断,而将思维路径之沟通归于对象判断。对象标准标志规范对象的某种共同性,以"认同"为指示对象的方式,因而要求每一对象获得相同的法效果,司法者也须以"认同"为对象判断方式;而基于对标准的不同理解,概念法学主张"事实认同"及逻辑涵摄思维,评价法学主张"价值认同"及价值导向思维。实际上,对象标准兼具事实性与价值性,两者的"统一"与"分离"决定了法律思维路径既非单一的逻辑涵摄思维,也非单一的价值导向思维,而是两者在规范对象的"中心区域"和"模糊地带"的衔接或延伸。但需强调,价值性为对象标准的根本属性,价值认同是对象判断的基本方式,价值导向思维为法律思维的基本路径。

The regulation structure shows that object standard instructs the object for the legal effect standard. As a result, the basic pattern of legal thinking is to reach the judgment of the legal effect through the object judge. This model will attribute the thinking ohiective to the judgment of the legal effect, and will attribute the communication of the thinking path to the object judge. Object standard indicates some commonality of the regulation object, which regards the ＂identity＂ as the pattern of the directive object, so it requires that each object get the same legal effect. Judicial officers are also required to regard the ＂identity＂ as the pattern of the object judge, but based on different understandings of the object standard. Juridical conception theory advocates ＂the fact identity＂ and logical comprehension thinking; the evaluation law advocate ＂value identity＂ and the value-oriented thinking. In fact, the object standard has both the fact and value, the ＂ unity ＂ and ＂separation＂ of the both things determine that the route of the legal thinking is neither a single logical comprehension thinking, nor a single valueoriented thinking, but the convergence or extension in the ＂central area＂ and the ＂fuzzy zone＂ of the regulation object. It needs to emphasize that the value is the fundamental property of the object standard, the value identity is the basic pattern of the object judge, the value-oriented thinking is the basic path of the legal thinking.