威尔逊民族自决原则研究综论

Summary of Researches on Wilson's National Self-determination Principle

著名政治家威尔逊的民族自决原则思想及实践,一直是学术界关注的重点研究问题,国外学界对此研究涉及了对威尔逊民族自决原则概念的认识、民族自决原则的背景、民族自决原则在美国参战前的内容及实践、民族自决原则的内容及本质等,成果丰富,涉及范围广,但他们基本上是站在西方资产阶级的立场上,褒扬这一原则所包含的民主、人权、反殖民主义、集体安全等内容,片面夸大它在维护世界和平方面的作用,对威尔逊民族自决原则与实践之间矛盾性的内涵、本质研究得较少,没有从政治、宗教、大国争霸等方面去挖掘其根本原因。国内的研究起步较晚,涉及的内容及程度都不够全面深入,也没有出版综合性的学术著作,仅仅发表有相关的文章,我们在借鉴国外学者研究的基础上应做出中国学者在这一问题上的学术贡献。在当前民族自决运动重新成为影响世界局势的因素形势下,研究威尔逊民族自决原则的思想及实践,对于正确认识和把握其历史发展轨迹,认清西方国家对民族自决运动的态度和目的有其现实意义,也是时代摆在中国学者面前的任务。

The idea and practice of the national self-determination principle of Wilson, the famous politician, has long been a key problem for the academic field. The foreign studies cover the realization, background, the contents, nature and practice of the Wilson＇ s national self-determination principle and the contributions are rich and have a large coverage. However, that is merely a capitalist point of view in the western countries, which preaches the democracy, human rights, anti-colonialism and collective security as contained in the principle, exaggerating its function to safeguard the world peace, while ignoring its nature and connotation of the contradiction between the theory and practice as no one has attempted to explore the root causes in light of politics, religion and hegemony. The study of it in China starts very late and there are no comprehensive academic monographs but only some articles not so far-reaching in content and extent. The scholars in China should make their own contributions thereof. It＇ s realistically significant to study its thoughts and practice so as to realize and make sure of its historical evolvement as well as to understand the attitude and purpose of the western countries supposing that the national self-determination principle has again resumed its popularity in influencing the world situation, and its also the task of the Chinese scholars at present.