微卫星标记在Ⅱ型糖尿病基因定位上的应用

Application of Microsatellite Maker in Gene Mapping of Type Ⅱ Diabetes

微卫星是以几个碱基(一般为1～6个)为重复单位组成的简单的串联重复序列,遍布真核生物基因组中,具有丰度高、多态性高、共显性标记、选择中性、可自动检测等优点,已经成为人类遗传学研究中被广泛应用的分子遗传标记.Ⅱ型糖尿病是糖尿病中最普遍的一种形式,它以胰岛素抗性活动紊乱为特征.该病与遗传因素、肥胖以及缺少运动行为等生活方式相关.为有效阻止或至少延缓疾病的进程,对Ⅱ型糖尿病的基因定位研究是必要的.微卫星DNA标记技术在动物亲缘关系的鉴定、特定基因定位、群体遗传结构的分析、物种的进化和系统发生以及遗传基因连锁图谱的构建等方面已得到了广泛的应用.因此,就微卫星DNA遗传标记在Ⅱ型糖尿病基因定位上应用的原理、方法等方面进行综述.

Microsatellites are stretches of tandemly repeated nucleotide motifs （1-6 nucleotides）, dispersed throughout the eukaryotic genome. They are widely used as genetic markers in human genetic studies because of their high abundance, high polymorphism, co-dominance, selective neutrality and easy manipulation. Type Ⅱ diabetes is the most common form of diabetes. It is characterized by insulin resistance and abnormal insulin secretion. Both of them exist in type It diabetes diagnosis. The type II diabetes is related to the genetic factors, overweight and the living style of exercise. To prevent or retard of type Ⅱ diabetes, the genetic study is necessary. Microsatellite makers have been successfully applied in many fields such as identification of genetic relationships, understanding the population structure, constructing the genetic linkage maps, species evolution and phylogeneties. The aim of this paper is to review the application of mierosatellite marker in gene mapping of type Ⅱ diabetes.