艾滋病高发区艾滋孤儿生活技能现状

Status of life skills of AIDS orphans in high incidence areas of AIDS

目的:了解艾滋病高发区艾滋孤儿的生活技能状况并探讨其影响因素。方法:采用分层整群抽样的方法于2008年7月份抽取艾滋病高发区河南省上蔡县5个乡镇500名艾滋孤儿,使用自制的调查表,对艾滋孤儿进行面对面的调查。运用非条件Logistic回归分析方法进行多因素分析。结果:本次调查共500人,回收有效问卷478份,艾滋孤儿年龄2～15岁,均为汉族。其中男童260人,占54.39%;女童218人,占45.61%。父母双方都因艾滋病去世的有188人,占39.33%;单方去世的290人,占60.67%。0～6岁艾滋孤儿有一定交友技能,但仍存在饮食、自立、精神和心理适应问题;7～15岁孤儿有一定交友及生活技能,但部分孤儿自我调节技能仍有欠缺。结论:艾滋孤儿生活质量仍较差,生活技能存在多方面欠缺,尤其是心理适应和自我调节方面。政府应在资金有限的情况下加大宣传力度并给予多方支持,保证艾滋孤儿的基本生活需求,并将生活技能辅导纳入下一步的帮扶重点。

Objective： To understand the status of life skills of AIDS orphans in high occurrence areas of AIDS, explore the effect factors. Methods： 500 AIDS orphans of 5 towns in Shangcai county, Henan were selected by stratified cluster sampling method in July, 2008, then they were interviewed face - to - face by a self - designed questionnaire, non - conditional logistic regression analysis was used to conduct multivariate analysis. Results： 500 AIDS orphans were surveyed in the study, 478 pieces of questionnaire were available, the age of AIDS orphans was 2 ~ 15 years, and all of them were Han nationality. 478 AIDS orphans included 260 boys （54. 39% ） and 218 girls （45.61%） . 188 AIDS orphans （39.33%） lost both parents and 290 AIDS orphans （60.67%） lost single parent due to AIDS, respectively. The AIDS orphans aged 0 - 6 years old had the skills of making friends, but there were still diet, self - reliance, mental and psychological adjustment problems among them. The AIDS orphans aged 7 - 15 years old had the skills of making friends and living, but some of them were still lack of self - regulation skills. Conclusion： The life quality of AIDS orphans is poor, and they are lack of life skills in many ways, especially in mental adaptation and self - regulation. Publicity and multi - support in the context of limited funds are important to ensure the basic living needs of the AIDS orphans, life skills counseling should be bring into the next phase of assistance.