论远程学习者的努力管理

On Effort Management of the Distance Learner

努力管理是自我管理的重要构成,也是学习策略的一个具体表现。它是远程学习者在学习活动中的主体性精神体现。一般说来,远程学习者的学习成效主要归因于自身的努力,努力管理与学习成效之间具有显著的正相关。本文根据自我管理理论和Mckeachie等人关于学习策略分类的框架,从信念、归因、勤勉、意志、内省和自我强化等方面,讨论了努力管理的内涵与方法,以期为远程学习者的努力管理提供理念与实践的参考。

Effort management is one of the important components of self-management, as well as the embodiment of learning strategies and the spirit of subjectivity in learning activities. In general, the learning effectiveness of the distance learner is attributed to their own efforts. There exists significant positive correlations between effort management and learning effectiveness. Based on the theories of self-management and the framework of the learning strategies proposed by Mckeachie etc., this paper discusses the connotation and the method of effort management from the perspectives of beliefs, attributions, diligence, will, introspection and self-reinforcement, so that we can provide some helpful references for the distance learner to do effort management effectively.