60年距离测量的演变

The Distance Measurement Evolution in 60 Years

新中国成立60年来,距离测量方法所发生的巨大变化是,20世纪50年代末期,光速测距仪和微波测距仪的推广应用,开创了"量距不用尺"的新时代;20世纪60年代中期,测地型激光测距仪的快速发展,将光波测距推向了高精度远测程的新境界;几乎与此同时,卫星激光测距和甚长基线射电干涉测量技术的测地实用化,使得测地工作者能够测量远达数千千米的站间距离;20世纪80年代初期,GPS卫星测量技术的问世,使得测地工作者步入了快速高效"量距不见站"的新天地。距离测量的这种演变,也是测绘科学技术进步的一大缩影。

Since the 60th anniversary of the People Republic Of China, the distance measurement method has changed dramatically, mainly in the following areas： in the late 1950s, the popularization of Geodimeter and Tellurometer has created a new era, being the distance surveying without rulers;in the mid 1960s ,the light wave rangers step into the new realm of a far distance and high accuracy because the rapid development of Laser rangers; almost at the same time, Satellite Laser Ranging and Very Long Baseline Radio Interferometry technology come into use for earth surveying, making surveyors can measure the distance between the stations, being as far as thousands of kilometers;in the early 1980s, GPS satellite surveying technology came out,it makes the earth surveying workers step into the fast and efficient field, being the distance surveying without stations. The evolution of this distance measurement is also a great microcosm for surveying and mapping progress. This paper discusses the course and impact of the above-mentioned range of technology in some detail.