由“李闻并谈”到“朱闻共论”:伤逝的多重意蕴

From "Li-Wen" to "Zhu-Wen":the Varied Meaning on Commemorating the Death

殉难之后的闻一多在"民主斗士"的光辉形象上定格,但是在这个统一的徽号下,纪念死难、言说逝者的意义并不相同。20世纪40年代,由"李公朴、闻一多"构成的伤逝链条首先成为广大知识阶层、各民主党派(包括中国共产党在内)追求民主自由、反抗专制暴政的精神旗帜和道义力量,代表着最普遍的"人民之声"。但是知识阶层更借"学者闻一多"而不是"民主斗士李公朴"表达了广义的政治诉求。与"李闻并谈"鲜明的政治倾向不同,由朱自清逝世后所构成的新的伤逝链条——"朱闻共论",其政治内涵减弱,道德内涵加强。知识阶层通过言说"朱闻"所表达的是对自身精神的反省和现实道路的叩问。在这一纪念中,"狷者"朱自清较之"狂者"闻一多更成为知识阶层认可和效仿的前驱。"朱闻并论"从知识阶层的民间话语彻底转向一种政治定论,是来自于最高政治领袖的"盖棺定论"。至此,逝者的意义获得了一个大幅度的精神提升,也成为中国思想界、文学界言说逝者的主要方式。

The commemoration of Wen Yiduo conveyed different meanings when he died for democracy in the 1940s. When Li Gongpu and WenYiduo were juxtaposed, they became the spiritual banner and provided moral strength for the intelligentsia and the democratic parties to pursue democracy and liberty. The intelligentsia began to reflect on their spirit and paths when Zhu Ziqing and Wen Yiduo were commemorated as a whole. Compared with Wen yi - duo, Zhu Ziqing was recognized and followed by more intellectuals. Finally, Chairmen Mao gave Zhu and Wen a political conclusion, which later became the only legal words, and from then on, these words become the main words to commemorate the death.