遗传和环境因素对不同冬小麦品种品质性状的影响

Effects of Genotype and Environment on Winter Wheat Qualities

为了明确遗传和环境因素对小麦品质的影响,选用6个有代表性的冬小麦品种(豫麦34、藁麦8901、豫麦49、豫麦70、洛阳8716和豫麦50)在河南省五个纬度点(32°N^36°N)种植,研究了品种遗传因素、环境因素与冬小麦品质性状的关系。结果表明,遗传因素对硬度、出粉率、耐揉指数、断裂时间的影响较大,而环境因素对灰分、沉淀值、容重有显著影响。由南向北随着纬度的升高,灰分、沉淀值呈减少趋势,容重呈增加趋势。小麦不同品质性状受气候因子的影响程度不同,其中硬度、灰分、沉淀值、容重均与小麦生育后期5月份的主要气象因子呈显著相关。因此,小麦生育后期的田间管理应充分考虑气象因素,以改善小麦品质。

The effects of genotype and environment on winter wheat qualities were analyzed in this study.Six winter wheat cultivars,Yumai34,Gaomai8901,Yumai49,Yumai70,Luoyang8716 and Yumai50,were sown at five locations with different latitudes（varied from 32°N to 36°N） in Henan province,China.The results showed that genotype affected more hardness,milling yield,mixing tolerance,and fracture time than ecological factors,while ecological factors affected more flour ash,sedimentation and test weight than genotype.Flour ash and sedimentation value declined,while test weight increased with latitude changed from 32°N to 36°N.The effects of ecological factors on different characteristics of wheat qualities were different.The characteristics including test weight,flour ash,sedimentation value and test weight were all significantly correlated with the major climatic factors in May.The results suggested that in order to improve winter wheat qualities,meteorological factors should be considered in the wheat management at late-growth stage.