播期、密度和氮肥运筹对冬小麦连麦2号产量与品质的调控

Effect of Sowing Date,Density and Nitrogen Management on Grain Yield and Quality of Winter Wheat Lianmai 2

为确立强筋小麦高产优质高效栽培的群体调控和氮肥管理策略,以强筋冬小麦品种连麦2号为材料,研究了播期、密度及施氮水平和基追比对小麦籽粒产量和品质的影响。结果表明,播期和密度对籽粒产量均有显著的影响,并且播期效应大于密度效应。3个播期中,适播（10月10日）处理产量显著高于早播（9月30日）和晚播（10月25日）;密度间差异达显著水平,以中密度（180万~270万.hm-2）产量最高,低密度和高密度（90万、360万.hm-2）最低。小麦籽粒产量与施氮量呈二次曲线关系,籽粒蛋白质含量随密度的增加而降低,随播期的推迟而增加。增加施氮量和后期追氮比例提高了冬小麦蛋白质含量及湿面筋含量、沉淀值,但降低了总淀粉含量。综合分析,在本试验条件下,冬小麦连麦2号在10月10日播种、密度180万.hm-2、施氮量为299~355 kg.hm-2、基追比为6∶4时可实现优质与高产的协调。

In order to establish regulation strategies on population control and nitrogen management for high yield and superior quality cultivation of wheat,a strong gluten wheat,Lianmai 2 was used to study the effects of sowing date,planting density and nitrogen management on grain yield and quality.The results showed that sowing date and density significantly affected grain yield and its components,and the effects of sowing date was greater than that of plant density.Among the 3 sowing dates of September 30,October 10 and October 25,grain yield of October 10 sowing date was obviously higher than those of early and late sowing date treatments.On average,the plant density of 180×104 plants·hm-2treatment had the highest yield under early and suitable sowing dates and that was 270×104 plants·hm-2 treatment for late date.Wheat grain yield showed a quadratic relationship with nitrogen application rate and the suitable dressing ratios were 5∶5 and 6∶4 for high yield of Lianmai 2.Protein content declined with the increased density and enhanced with the delay of sowing date.Increased nitrogen rate and dressing ratio during late growth period were benefical to increase grain protein and wet gluten content and sedimentation value,but to reduce total starch content.Integrated analysis on grain yield and quality showed the appropriate management combination for high yield and superior quality cultivation of Lianmai 2 was sowing date of October 10,planting density of 180×104 plants·hm-2,nitrogen rate of 299 ~ 355 kg·hm-2 and dressing ratio of 6∶4.