先秦汉语“见”类动词的清浊交替及其来源

The Initial Voicing Alternation and Its Origin in Pre-Qin Chineseof the Jian 见-type Verbs

先秦汉语有不少动词有清浊声母两读,称为清浊交替。这种声母清浊交替现象有两类,"败"类清浊交替体现的是自动和使动的对立,"见"类清浊交替体现的是非完成体与完成体的对立。本文以"见""解"为典型案例,分析了"见"类动词的清声母形式和浊声母形式的用法,证明了其浊声母形式来自其清声母形式的完成体形式。

A number of verbs in pre-Qin Chinese have two phonetic forms, with one initial consonant being voiceless and the other being voiced. This phenomenon is usually termed voicing alternation. Verbs beating this kind of alternation can be divided into two types, one being the type represented by the verb ‘bai 败＇, which reflects the distinction of the simplex and the causative forms, and the other being the type represented by the verb ‘jian/xian 见＇, which reflects the contrast of the imperfective and the perfective forms. Taking ‘jian/xian 见＇ and ‘jie/xie 解＇ as typical examples, this article analyzes the usages of the ‘jian/xian 见＇ type, and argues that the voiced forms of this type are the perfective forms of their voiceless counterparts, which indicates the imperfective forms..