外商直接投资、国际贸易与工资溢出——基于微观企业层面的实证分析

Foreign Direct Investment,International Trade and Wage Spillovers:An Empirical Analysis Based on Enterprise Level

本文基于12180家企业面板数据估计了内资非出口企业与内资出口企业、外资出口企业、外资非出口企业之间的工资差距。研究结果表明,内资非出口企业与内资出口企业、外资非出口企业、外资出口企业之间存在显著的平均工资差距。进一步的分析发现,邻省外商直接投资对本省内资企业工资具有显著负效应;由于交易费用的存在,非相邻省份的外商直接投资对省内内资企业工资有显著正效应。同时,省内国际贸易对内资企业工资影响显著为正;由于区域间产业趋同现象的存在,相邻省份的贸易对省内内资企业的工资影响显著为负。因此,为缩小收入差距,要求我国消除区域壁垒,建立统一市场。

Based on the panel data of 12 180 manufacturing enterprises, this paper estimates the wage gap between the domestic non - export enterprises and other enterprises, including domestic export enterprises, foreign - funded export enterprises, and foreign - funded non -export enterprises. The result shows that the average wage gaps are quite significant. FDI in adjacent provinces has a significantly negative impact on the wages in domestic enterprises of a province; however, the FDI in the non -adjacent provinces has positive effects on the wage in domestic enterprises of a province, due to transaction cost. The international trade of a province has strong positive impacts on the wage in its domestic enterprises, but the international trade of adjacent provinces exerts a significantly negative effect on the wages in domestic enterprises of a province, owing to the industrial similarity of different regions. In order to bridge the wage gap, it is supposed to eliminate the regional barriers, and form an integrated market.