念青唐古拉山南坡气温分布及其垂直梯度

Altitudinal Distribution of Air Temperature over a Southern Slope of Nyainqentanglha Mountains,Tibetan Plateau

利用架设在念青唐古拉山南坡9个海拔高度(4300～5500m)的自动气象站1a(2006年8月1日至2007年7月31日)的实测数据,对山坡1.5m高度的近地面气温随海拔梯度和时间的分布进行了分析。表明念青南坡4300～4950m冷季(10～4月)存在逆温。利用高山各观测高度的温度与当雄气象站气温具有良好相关,推算出多年平均情况下念青唐古拉山南坡各观测高度的年平均气温和各月平均气温。并由此推测念青唐古拉山南坡海拔5100m以上存在高山多年冻土,此多年冻土下界高度比《中国冻土》指出的高度高约200m。

Altitudinal and temporal distribution of air temperature were analyzed,using an original data set,spanning from 1 Aug.,2006 to 31 Jul.,2007 from 9 automated weather stations set up along an altitudinal gradient from 4 300 to 5 500 m a.s.l.,at a southern slope of Nyainqentanglha Mountains,Tibetan Plateau.Air temperature inversion was found typically during October to the following April.The mean perennial values of annually and monthly mean air temperature were estimated for various observational altitudes at the studied slope,based on the significant correlation between air temperatures at the observed slope and Damxung Weather Station,which has 44 years of continual meteorological record since 1963.According to the estimated mean perennial air temperature,the lower limit of the alpine permafrost was estimated at about 5 100 m a.s.l.,which is 200 m higher than the previous value proposed in the frozen soil in China.