论王符的史学思想

A Study on Wang Fu's History Thought

王符将历史学看做经验性和思想性的学问,其对象是"前言往行",其任务是"蓄其德"和"明真";史学的功用在于增智修德、学习往圣先贤和掌握历史与未来。历史发展是有规律的,人民才是历史的决定力量,精神的善恶是历史发展的动力。历史认识主体应该具备正确的态度,应该选择有价值有意义的客体,典籍是其中介;历史认识方法就是观察;其检验的标准一是理论的即要符合往古圣人的意见,二是实际的即依据历史主体的行为。史学研究法主要是历史辩证研究方法、历史批评研究方法和历史个案研究法。王符史学思想的性质是政治的、民间的。

Wang Fu took history as an empirical and ideological learning,with the ＂previous words and deeds＂ as its object,accumulating virtue and acknowledging truth as its task; increasing intelligence and cultivating virtues, learning from previous sages,mastering future from history as its function. The development of history followed the principle that people were the decisive force, spiritual good and evil was the motive power. The subject of history recognition should have a correct attitude and choose the useful and meaningful objects, with books and records as mediurn The method of history recognition was observation. One of the testing standards was the conformity to ancient saints＇ opinions theoretically;the other was the conformity to the history recognition subject＇ s conducts practically. The main means of history study were historically dialectic study method, historical criticism study method and historical case study method. The nature of Wang Fu＇s history thought was political and civil.