马克思经济学发现经济危机的社会哲学观和研究方法论——兼论马克思经济学和现代主流经济学的认知差异

Toward the Social Philosophy and Methodology of Economic Crisis Identification in Marxian Economics——the Difference of Cognizance between Marxian and Modern Mainstream Economics

马克思经济学比现代主流经济学更容易发现经济危机,主要源于两个基本特征:一是在社会哲学观上坚持矛盾冲突论,从而发现个人理性与集体理性之间的不一致性;二是在研究方法论上采用平均主义分析,从而更适合使用统计材料和历史材料来考察宏观经济的周期性波动。正因如此,马克思经济学能够充分认识到自由市场经济内含的冲突性,并从收入分配角度揭示了经济危机的内在根源;相应地,解决经济危机的根本措施就是,改变不合理的收入分配制度。

Marxian economics can identify an economic crisis more easily than modern mainstream economics.This may be attributed to two aspects.The first is that Marxian economics holds a contradiction-conflict theory on social philosophy,which leads to identify inconformity between individual rationality and collective rationality.The other is that Marxian economics adopts average analysis on research methodology,which is more suitable to make use of statistical and history materials to investigate periodic economic fluctuations.As a result,Marxian economics realizes the inborn conflict in free market economy,and uncover the internal source of economic crisis from income distribution perspective.Accordingly,the fundamental measures to settle economic crisis is to change the irrational distribution system.