西安和上海两地葡萄根瘤蚜种群周年消长动态观察

Investigation on Population Dynamics of Grape Phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch.) in Vineyards of Xi'an and Shanghai

2005年以来在我国多地发现葡萄根瘤蚜(Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch.)。为了解其种群年增长动态,对西安和上海两地田间葡萄根瘤蚜种群进行了调查,结果表明,两地的葡萄根瘤蚜为根瘤型,以孤雌生殖为主,在8—10月出现有性世代更替,田间调查发现少量根瘤蚜有翅型若虫,但未发现有翅型成虫;虫口总量分别在7月和10月出现两次高峰。从11月开始,成虫大量死亡,卵的数量随之减少,种群数量开始下降,逐渐进入越冬休眠状态,1龄幼虫是其越冬的主要形态。春季当地温上升到13.0℃左右时,葡萄根瘤蚜结束休眠,幼虫开始取食,经过几次蜕皮逐渐转变为成虫,进行孤雌生殖产卵。

Grape phylloxera,Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch.,is a destruetive insect on cultivated grapes.It has reoccurred in some provinces since 2005.In order to understand grape phylloxera＇s population dynamics in one year cycle,we investigated it in the vineyards of Xi＇an and Shanghai.The results showed that grape phylloxera＇s life cycle was mainly asexual portions with types that feed on root galls,and reproduced exclusively by clonal.Some grape phylloxera arose alternation of generation from August to October,a few winged-bearing nymphs was observed,but the winged adult insects was not found in the field.At July and October the population reached peaks respectively,then declined and began to dormancy from November.Overwinter population was in small numbers by frst instar hibernants since November.As ground temperatures increased to about 13.0 ℃ in the spring,it terminated dormancy,larvaes began to feed and transformed into adults after some ecdysis,then was in parthenogenesis.