双语教育政策新动向——以美国、澳大利亚和中国为例

A New Trend in Bilingual Education Policy——the Case of the United States,Australia and China

美国和澳大利亚曾经实行双语教育政策或多语教育政策,近十年来,却出现了一种"单语化"的趋向。2002年美国废除了《双语教育法》,实行单语的《英语习得法》;2002年澳大利亚取消了对亚洲语言(汉语、印尼语、日语和韩语)教育的资助,重新强调英语的主体地位。文章试图简要描述美、澳两国从双语教育政策向单语教育政策转变的过程,分析两国双语教育政策转型的政治经济文化动因和相关社会制约因素,谈谈市场经济对我国少数民族双语教学的影响。

The United States and Australia had bilingual or muhilingual education policy, but there has been a monolingual trend since the past decade. The Bilingual Education Act was, in USA in 2002, abolished and the English Language Acquisition Act took its place. The Asian languages （Chinese, Indonesian, Japanese and Korean） project funding in Australia was called off in 2002, and the dominant position of English was re-emphasized. This paper tries to give a brief description of the change from the bilingual education policy to the monolingual education policy in both the United States and Australia, and to analyze the social-economic and political causes for the transformation of the bilingual education policy in both countries.The paper will also address the influence of the market economy on China＇ s ethnic minority bilingual education.