从纯粹哲学中的“类比”到实用人类学中的“符号”——康德象征观点辨析

From Analogy in Pure Philosophy to Symbol in Pragmatic Anthropology——On Kant's Idea of Symbol

象征使人依照自己的精神追问自然的意义成为可能。判断力通过"艺术的类比"使理性将美的自然看作是以上帝为本源、理知世界为原型的自然;美的艺术创造是理性在为理知世界配上图型;知性在自然的合目的的形式的范导下利用由"经验的类比"而获得的关系范畴等诸范畴追求真理;这样人利用真理便可以依照艺术美所提供的理知世界的图型重塑自然的外形。因此符号是自然意义和人的精神的载体,是人在自然界产生效果的中介。

Symbol makes it possible for human beings to pursue the meaning of nature in accordance with their spirit. Judgment makes Reason believe that the beautiful nature is created by God, and the intelligible world is its archetypal world by analogy of art; the creation of fine art by Reason is an originating schema of the intelligible world; Understanding uses categories, in which the categories of relation are formed by analogies of experience, to pursue truth under the principle of natural and disirable form. Thus human beings can reshape the form of na- ture in accordance with the schema of the intelligible world in fine art by using truth. So signs which contain the meaning of nature and spirit of human are the internmedium for human beings to produce effects in nature