山楂叶总黄酮提取的主要影响因素研究

The Study on the Main Factors Influencing the Total Flavonoids Extracting in Crataegus pinnatifida Leaves

采用超声波提取和紫外分光光度法对山楂品种‘甜水’叶片中总黄酮提取的主要影响因素进行了比较分析。结果表明:山楂叶片总黄酮的提取效果与提取溶剂、乙醇浓度、料液比、粉碎粒度、提取方法和提取时间有关。甲醇、乙醇和丙酮3种提取溶剂中以乙醇最好,且浓度为70%的乙醇提取效果明显优于60%、80%和90%乙醇。不同料液比和粉碎粒度的提取率也不同,1∶10、1∶201、∶30和1∶40的料液比中,以选择1∶30为宜,且中粉提取率高于细粉和粗粉。超声波法比冷浸法和热回流法取得的效果更有优势,应用潜力大。超声波提取时间为30 min时黄酮得率最高。

The important influencing factors of the total flavonoids extracting in Crataegus pinnatifida leaves of ＇Tianshui＇varietywere studied using the supersonic method and UV spectrophotometry. The results showed that the extracting effects of flavonoidswere related to the extracting impregnants, the alcohol concentration, the ratios of raw-materials to extracting solution, the granularity of comminution, the extracting methods and the extraction periods. Ethanol was the best impregnant among Methanol, ethanol and acetone, and the extraction effects of 70% alcohol was superior to 60%, 80% and 90% ethanol. The extraction rate was different under different ratios of raw-materials to extracting solution and granularity of comminution, 1 ： 30 was the most suitablerate among 1 ： 10,1 ： 20,1 ： 30 and 1 ： 40, and extraction ratio of the medium comminution was higher than the fine comminutionand the tough comminution. The supersonic method had more advantage and greater potential than quench method and heatcircurnfluence method. The highest extracting rate of flavonoids could be obtained at 30 minutes-extraction periods.