有机垃圾颗粒肥料对玉米生物量和氮、磷含量的影响

Influence of Granulated Fertilizer from Organic Wastes on Maize Biomass and Nitrogen and Phosphorus Content

利用自主研制的5种有机垃圾颗粒肥料(OF1、OF2、OF3、OF4、OF5)进行土壤盆栽玉米试验,测定玉米生物量,并分析玉米籽粒、穗轴和茎秆中的氮、磷含量。结果表明,与化肥(CF)相比,OF对玉米生物量和氮、磷含量具有显著影响。适当配方的OF能促进玉米生物量的增加,其中,OF4和OF5生物量较CF分别增加11.0%和12.9%。OF4的玉米籽粒含氮量比CF高17.4%,而施用OF的玉米茎秆和穗轴的含氮量分别比CF低13.9%～26.6%和9.9%～34.3%,玉米籽粒的磷含量比CF高3.8%～24.4%,而穗轴含磷量比CF低13.2%～22.1%。各处理氮、磷含量均呈籽粒>茎秆>穗轴的分布规律,但OF的籽粒与穗轴、籽粒与茎秆的氮、磷含量的比值均显著大于CF。总之,施用适当配方的OF可增加玉米生物量和籽粒氮、磷含量,通过促进茎秆和穗轴的氮、磷向籽粒转化而提高玉米对氮、磷养分的有效利用。

A soil pot experiment supplying granulated fertilizers （OF1,OF2,OF3,OF4,OF5） from organic wastes （OF） to cultivate maize was conducted and the maize biomass was measured and the content of N and P in maize grain,core and strem was analyzed.The results showed that applying OF had significant effects on the maize biomass and N and P contents compared to chemical fertilizer （CF） did.Maize biomass was increased 11.0% and 12.9% by supplying OF4 and OF5,respectivly.The N content in maize grains was 17.4% higher in OF4 than in CF application,while the N content in maize stem and cob in OF applications was 13.9%-26.6% and 9.9%-34.3% lower than that of CF application respectively.P contents in maize grains in OF applications were 3.8%-24.4% higher than that of CF application,but which in maize cobs were 13.2%-22.1% lower in OF than in CF application.The distribution of N and P contents in maize took the order of gain〉stem〉cob.Howerver,the ratio of grain to cob and stem were significantly htgher in OF applications than in CF application.In summary,appropriate furmula OF increased the maize biomass and N and P content in grain,and thus,increased the effective usage of N and P by translocating N and P in cob and stem into grain.