论卢梭视野中的良心观

On Rousseau's View of Conscience

良心在卢梭伦理思想中占有独特地位。卢梭认为,伦理学的任务就是在研究人的基础上指导人怎样做人。人性中有两个基本因素:欲念和理性。单方面的理性或情感都不能成为衡量善恶的尺度。衡量善恶的尺度是良心,良心是人们在社会中通过感觉和理性的基础上所形成的。只有改革社会制度,实行自然教育,建立自然宗教,才能造就道德新人,发挥人们内在良心的作用。从历史上看,卢梭的良心观对他之后的思想家产生了很大的影响,既具有进步性,又具有局限性。

Conscience plays an important part in Rousseau＇s ethical thought. In Rousseau＇s mind the task of ethics is to study human being in order to guide how to be human being. Desire and reason are two basic factors in human nature. Neither a partial view of reason nor that of emotion can measure good or evil. Conscience, formed on the basis of desire and reason in the society, is the standard of judging good or evil. The conscience can exert its influence through reforming social system, carrying out natural education, establishing natural religion, and molding moral good man. Historically speaking, Rousseau＇s view of conscience has great influence on later thinkers, which is both positive and negative