基于GIS的景观生态功能指标分析

ANALYSIS ON THE INDICATORS OF THE LANDSCAPE ECOLOGICAL FUNCTION BASED ON GIS

针对当前我国规划及战略环评指标体系中缺乏直接反映生态功能指标的问题,提出可通过系统研究区域景观生态结构与景观功能变化间的关系,由斑块面积指数计算生物生产力、由景观香农多样性指数和景观香农均匀度指数反映生态质量,以此表征景观生态功能。以地理信息系统(GIS)为平台,提出了利用基于斑块面积而得到的景观要素转移矩阵及基于年鉴统计而得到的景观单位面积生物生产力的转移矩阵来计算生物生产力的方法,并在统计若干研究流域景观格局异质性指数文献的基础上发掘了景观多样性指数、景观均匀度指数与生态质量间的关系。最后,以江苏省沿江地区2000、2004年的数据开展了实例分析,结果表明,提出的生物生产力和生态质量这两个指标确实能反映区域景观功能的变化,在今后的规划和战略环评中具有一定的应用前景。

Nowadays planning and strategic environmental assessment（SEA） are always short of ecological evaluation indicators on landscape functions.This paper presented two indicators,the biological productivity and the ecological quality,to characterize landscape ecological function on the basis of the dynamic relationship between the landscape space pattern and its ecological function.Based on GIS,the ecological productivity could be calculated by the transfer matrix of landscape elements and biological productivity per unit area of landscapes,which were inferred from patch area index and statistical gearbooks,respectively.The relationships among ecological quality,Shannon Diversity Index and Shannon Evenness Index were obtained according to some document statistics about landscape heterogeneity index in basin researches.In the case of the region along the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province,data of 2000 and 2004 were used to demonstrate that the biological productivity and the ecological quality could definitely reflect the variation of the landscape function and these two indicators are practicable in future planning and SEA.