中国污染密集型产品贸易的环境效应及其扭曲——兼论效应分解与估计方法的改进

On Environmental Effects and Their Distortions in China's Pollution-intensive Goods Trade

文章在较具一般性的分析框架下,对贸易的环境效应、尤其是其中较重要的技术效应做出详尽分解和简明的数学表述,并将效应分解计算与回归分析相结合,以此改进效应的分解与估计方法。在此基础上,针对中国要素比价扭曲的现状,对贸易环境效应的扭曲进行理论分析和实证检验。研究表明,中国污染密集型产品贸易可产生正向技术效应,但要素比价的扭曲却会导致结构效应发生扭曲,并制约正向技术效应的实现和扩大。调整要素比价可从根本上矫正贸易环境效应的此类扭曲,但会制约贸易利得的实现,因此应避免在矫正扭曲与获取贸易利得之间形成"两难"。

This paper decomposes trade＇ s environmental effects especially technique effect on a more general basis, and aims to improve the methodology of decomposition and estimation by combining calculation and econometric regression. Further, on the ground of price distortion in China, it theoretically and empirically analyzes the distortion in environmental effects. It is found that China can achieve positive technique effect on the environment in pollution-intensive goods trade. However, this effect is restrained by the distortion in composition effect resulting from price distortion. To rectify such distortions, it is suggested that prices of environmental resources and relevant products be adjusted in a way that will not generate a dilemma between rectifying distortions and achieving gains from trade.