温度和光周期驯化对树麻雀消化道形态特征和能量预算的影响

Effects of temperature and photoperiod acclimation on digestive tract morphology and energy budget of tree sparrow(Passer montanus)

为探讨温度和光周期驯化对树麻雀消化道形态特征和能量预算的影响,以不同环境温度(5℃和25℃)、不同光周期(16L∶8D和8L∶16D)的4组树麻雀进行为期4周的人工气候箱驯化,并对驯化后的4组树麻雀消化道形态特征各指标以体质量为协变量,采用温度、光周期双因素协方差分析和组间进行单因素协方差分析及进行Tukey HSD比较。结果表明,温度降低或光周期缩短导致消化道长度极显著增加;反之,则缩短。温度显著影响消化道干组织质量;温度和光周期的交互作用对消化道净鲜质量和干组织质量的影响显著;总消化道和各器官的长度(直肠长度除外)、质量均存在明显的组间差异。可见,不同的温度或光周期可引起树麻雀消化道形态结构和功能能力相应的适应性变化,消化道各器官长度和质量的改变与其个体的摄能需求密切相关,消化道各器官功能能力和器官能耗之间高投资高收益的能量预算是个体适合度与环境压力之间能量预算的结果。

Four groups of Passer montanus were domesticated under different temperature （5 ℃ and 25 ℃） and photoperiod （16L∶8D and 8L∶16D） for four weeks,and their digestive tract morphology with body mass as the covariate was analyzed by the covariance with two-factors temperature and photoperiod and with single factor within groups,and by the Tukey＇s HSD multicomparison. The decrease of temperature or the shortening of photoperiod made the length of digestive tract increased significantly,and vice versa. Temperature had significant effects on the dry mass of digestive tract,and its interaction with photoperiod affected the net fresh mass of digestive tract and the dry mass of digestive organs significantly. The total length of digestive tract and the length of digestive organs except large intestine,as well as the total mass of digestive tract and the mass of digestive organs,had significant differences among the groups. All the results suggested that different temperature and photoperiod induced the changes in the structure and function of digestive tract,which was closely related to the energy demand of the individuals,and their responses to the environmental stresses.