微红梢斑螟蛀道节肢动物种群结构及生态位

Population composition and niche of arthropod community in pine shoot tunnel bored by Dioryctria rubella

选择我国江苏、安徽和广东7个不同林型的松树林地,对微红梢斑螟(Dioryctria rubella)蛀道节肢动物种群结构及生态位进行调查研究。结果表明:微红梢斑螟蛀道节肢动物种群隶属2纲9目13科,分别为蛛形纲蜘蛛目、蜱螨目,昆虫纲弹尾目、革翅目、啮虫目、半翅目、缨翅目、鞘翅目、膜翅目;利用相对优势指标判别微红梢斑螟蛀道节肢动物优势种有螨科和隐翅虫科,丰盛种有跳虫科,常见种有啮虫科、蠼螋科、蚁科、锯谷盗科、象甲科、蓟马科和茧蜂科,偶见种有小蠹科、蝽科和微蛛科;利用Levins生态位宽度和Pianka生态位重叠对各种群生态位计算表明,隐翅虫科与微红梢斑螟的时间和空间生态位重叠值最大,说明在各种群中隐翅虫科与微红梢斑螟的跟随关系最为紧密;利用聚集度指标法判别优势种群隐翅虫的空间分布属于聚集型分布,用零频率方法计算隐翅虫种群的空间格局为聚集型,种群类型为聚集度逆零频率制约型。

Taking seven pine plantations in Jiangsu,Anhui,and Guangdong provinces of China as test sites,an investigation was made on the population composition and niche of arthropod community in the pine shoot tunnel bored by Dioryctria rubella. The populations of the arthropod community were identified as 2 classes,9 orders and 13 families,i.e.,Arachnida including Araneae and Acarina,and Insecta including Collembola,Dermaptera,Psocoptera,Hemiptera,Thysanoptera,Coleoptera and Hymenoptera. Among the 13 families,Acarina and Staphylinidae were the dominant populations,Poduridae was the abundant population,Psocidae,Labiduridae,Formicidae,Silvanidae,Curculionidae,Thripidae and Braconidae were the frequent populations,while Scolytidae,Pentatomidae and Erigonidae were the rare populations. The spatiotemporal niche overlap calculated by Levins and Pianka formula was the largest between D. rubella and Staphylinidae,indicating their closest relationship. The spatial pattern of dominant population Staphylinidae calculated with aggregation index and zero frequency methods was of aggregative,and the population type was of inverse zero frequent-dependent in terms of aggregation degree.