政策工具创新：从强制到许可--以当代中国城市户口迁移制为例

Policy Instrument Innovation:From Prohibition to Licence——Case Study on Urban Hukou Transfer System in Contemporary China

本文以政府和市场力量的大小之比为自变量,以政策工具的强制程度为因变量,提出了政策工具创新的分析框架,并以当代中国城市户口迁移制度的变迁为例,分析其政策工具从强制变为许可的过程及其影响因素,从中得到影响政策工具创新的两个主要因素:政府与市场力量的对比关系,是影响政策工具选择的外部环境因素。在市场经济环境下,地方政府发展经济的需求是影响政策工具选择的内部因素。随着市场经济的发展,市场对政府管制的渗透不断加强,使得地方政府的行为越来越符合市场逻辑。但是,市场逻辑在推动制度变迁的同时也限制了这种变迁的空间。

Taking the relationship between government and market as an independent variable, and the level of compulsory of tools as the dependent variable, we propose a theory model of policy instrument innovation. Based on case study of urban Hukou transfer system, we find it changing from the higher compulsory tools to less compulsory ones in which the local government regulates population flow and analyzes the influence factors. The conclusions are as follows： first, the relationship between government and market is the external variable for the policy instrument innovation. Second, the economic development de- mand of local government is the internal variable for the policy instrument change. The local government is gradually follow- ing with market demand as market economy developed, while market economy impels the policy instrument innovation and limits the space of such change.