竹材的纳米TiO2改性及抗菌防霉性能研究

Nano TiO_2 Modification of Bamboo and Its Antibacterial and Mildew Resistance Performance

竹材是一种重要的森林资源,但容易腐朽霉变,在户外使用受到限制。可采用溶胶-凝胶法,在低温条件下制备了TiO2溶胶,并通过浸渍提拉的方式,完成了竹材的纳米TiO2改性。同时利用电子核磁共振波谱仪(NMR)、场发射环境扫描电镜(FESEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、X射线能谱仪(EDAX)对TiO2进行形态和结构表征,重点研究了温度对TiO2薄膜形态、晶型及抗菌防霉性能的影响。研究结果表明,3种温度(20,60,105℃)处理的TiO2改性竹材不仅完全保持了竹材的天然颜色、纹理、结构,而且抗菌性能由不具抗菌性变为对大肠杆菌的杀菌率超过99%,防霉性能提高了10倍以上。这种方法有望成为竹材功能性改良的新手段,并对包括木材在内的其他天然生物质材料保护和改良也具有借鉴意义。

Bamboo, a kind of forest resources only less important than wood, is especially easy to mildew during outdoor service. In this work, TiO2 sols were synthesized under low-temperature condition by sol-gel method. The crystalline TiO2 film with a diameter of approximate 40-90 nm was used to coat bamboo at low temperature The TiO2 films were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer （NMR）, field emission scanning electron microscope （FESEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and energy dispersive X-ray analysis （EDAX）. The effects of temperature on film crystal forms, its antibacterial, and mildew resistance properties were mainly investigated. The results showed that the modified bamboo in low temperature solution （20, 60 and 105 ℃ ） was mainly covered with anatase nano TiO2 film. The nano-TiO2-modified bamboo maintained the natural wood color, texture and structure, and improved its anti-bacterial property from non-anti-bacterial to anti-escherichia coli, and the bactericidal rate reached over 99%. Meanwhile its mildew resistance property increased over 10 times. So this method is expected to become the new way of functional improvement on bamboo, and has the reference meaning for the protection and improvement of wood and other biologic materials.