“钟离君柏”墓出土彩绘陶器颜料的光谱分析

Spectral Analysis of Pottery-Painting Pigments from the Monarch Bai Tomb of Zhongli State

利用拉曼光谱结合X射线衍射物相检测方法,对安徽蚌埠双墩春秋中晚期"钟离君柏"墓出土彩绘陶器颜料的物相结构进行了分析测定。结果表明,陶器表面的红色、黄色和黑色颜料皆保存较好,未发生明显变化,分别是无机矿物朱砂(HgS)和针铁矿(-αFeO(OH))及炭黑。同时,拉曼光谱与X射线衍射分析的结果都显示红色颜料朱砂的组成物相单一,不含天然朱砂的伴生矿物石英,且其晶粒尺寸可能在纳米范围,应是由人工合成或经过古人的加工、纯化处理。针铁矿的发现表明春秋时期该矿物己被用作黄色颜料,这是目前己知的针铁矿作为黄颜料使用的最早的实例。

Based on the analysis of Raman spectroscopy and XRD methods, the structures of different pigments on the painted pottery from the Monarch Bai Tomb of Zhongli State in the middle and late Spring and Autumn period at Shungdun Village, Bengbu City, Anhui Province were analyzed. The result shows that all the pigments, including red, yellow and black pigments, have been well preserved, and these three pigments were identified as cinnabar, goethite and carbon black respectively. Both Raman spectroscopy and XRD analysis show that the crystal composition of red pigments, cinnabar, is very pure without quartz crystal, the associated crystal of natural cinnabar, and at the same time the crystal size of cinnabar is possibly at the nanometer scale. It suggests that this red pigments perhaps were a synthetic material or processed and purified by our ancestors. The discovery of goethite shows that this mineral has been used as pigments as early as in the Spring and Autumn period. This is the earliest example that goethite was used as yellow pigments.