法院调解优先的冷思考

The Cold Reflection on the Priority of Court Mediation

近年来,法院调解作为维护和谐社会的一项司法政策被强化,并被推至优先地位。但是,强化调解可能形成义务人无需充分履行义务的期待,导致久调不决的现象发生,降低了诉讼效率;强化调解所营造的使权利人让步的"囚徒困境"会折损诉讼公正,会使人们的法律虚无主义意识蔓延。与此同时,调解优先使法院在司法实践中也陷入困境,即法院调解优先与民事诉讼以审判为中心的程序构造相背离,使法官在民事诉讼程序中无所适从;而且加剧法院调解能力下降与追求高调解率之间的矛盾,并使"强制调解"再次成为司法垢病。为使调解回归应有状态,我们必须尊重调解和审判的特点,消除二者非此即彼的对立状态,寻求二者共同发展的契机。唯有如此,才能完善民事诉讼纠纷解决机制,发挥调解和审判的优势。

The court mediation as a judicial policy which supporting harmonious society has been strengthened and pushed to be in prior status recently.The strengthened court mediation gave the obligation expectations that he need not fulfill his obligation and result in mediation agreement can not be made in long time,which reduces the effectiveness of civil proceeding.It made people＇s awareness of legal nihilism expand.The Prisoner＇s Dilemma sacrificed justice proceedings and simultaneously forced the courts into predicament during the judicial practice.In fact,mediation-priority not only departs from the trial-centered program structure of civil procedure,but also increases the contradictions between low capacity of mediation and the pursuit of high mediation rate,and made mandatory mediation become justice problems again.In order to making the court mediation return to proper status,we shall respect the characteristics of mediation and trial,eliminate the antagonism and seek the common development of both opportunity.Only in this way the civil dispute resolution mechanisms can be improved,and the advantage of court mediation and trial freely may be developed.