修正的事实说:诉讼视野中的证据概念新解

Correctional Theory on Fact:a New Explanation on Concept of Evidence

证据的概念,是证据法和证据法学理论大厦的基石,然而,理论和立法表述都还存在着问题。就此而言,需要强调的是,诉讼意义上的证据概念,不仅应当反映出诉讼证明区别于其他认识或证明活动的特殊性原理,而且,应当能够承载特定法律对诉讼证明原理的独特要求。一个具有完整逻辑结构的一般性证据概念可以界定为:与待证事实(主张、判定)具有法律相关性、可直接观察认识的外在事实。由此观之,中国三大诉讼法的有关条文都需要修改。

Concept of evidence is the base of evidence law theory,although there are problems on both theory and legislation.It is important that concept of evidence in lawsuit not only may reflect the special principles belonging to lawsuit proof that different from other proofs,but also may bear the weight of requirements belonging to lawsuit proof that are regulated in the special laws.Therefore an integrate evidence concept can be defined by an external fact that can be directly observed and have legal relevant to fact that need to be certified.Accordingly,the relevant articles in the three procedural laws shall be amended.