教育情境与社会赞许性对小学生诚实性行为的影响

The Effect of Educational Contexts and Social Desirability on Honest Behavior of Primary School Students

运用修订的儿童社会期望量表(CSD),采用多因素实验设计,测查了1-5年级高、中、低三类社会赞许性水平的197名小学生在积极、消极、中立三种教育情境下诚实性行为的差异。结果表明:(1)社会赞许性的高低会对被试的诚实性行为造成显著影响。社会赞许性越高,儿童发生不诚实行为的可能性就越大。(2)教育情境与年级因素存在交互作用。在积极的教育情境下,年级因素对诚实行为的作用显著。随着年级升高,儿童出现不诚实行为的概率增加。在消极与中立的教育情境下,年级因素的作用不显著。(3)教育情境与社会赞许性存在交互作用。在消极情境下,社会赞许性的高低会对儿童的诚实性行为造成显著影响,儿童的社会赞许性越高,其发生不诚实行为的概率越大。在积极和中立的教育情境下,社会赞许性的高低对诚实性行为不会造成显著影响。(4)社会赞许性与年级存在交互作用。高社会赞许性儿童中,儿童的不诚实行为随着年级的增高而变大。中等和低社会赞许性儿童的诚实性行为不会随年级发生显著变化。

Through the use of the revised scale of children＇s social Desirability（CSD）,as well as a 3 × 3 design,the research tests primary school students from Grade 1 to Grade 5 with high,medium and low levels of approval motive in positive,negative and neutral educational contexts and tests the difference in honesty.The results show that：（1） students with different degrees of social desirability will have different behaviors in honesty examination in that students with a higher degree of social desirability are much inclined to do dishonest behavior in tests;（2） the factor of students＇ grade has interaction with the educational contexts.In a positive context,the effect of the grade on honest behavior is significant.With the growth of grade,the probability of dishonest behavior is much increased.In negative and neutral educational contexts,the factor of grade is not significant;（3） the educational contexts and the degree of social desirability interact with each other.In a negative context,the degree of social desirability will have a significant impact on honest behavior;students＇ higher degree of social desirability will lead to a greater probability of dishonest behavior.In positive and neutral educational contexts,the social desirability will not lead to the difference in honesty;（4）The degree of social desirability has interaction with the grade.With the growth of grade,the probability of dishonest behavior of students with high degree of social desirability is much increased.But the same thing does not happen on students with a middle or low level of social desirability.