外语口语测验的历史发展综述

A General Perspective on the Historical Development of Second Language Oral Test

本文总结了第二语言口语测试的发展历史，并分为三个时期展开讨论，分别命名为“萌芽期”、“发展期”以及“转变与成熟期”。文章指出，北美口语测验的发展以“二战”为契机，并在“二战”以后得到了快速发展，先后诞生了FSI量表、ILR量表和ACTFL大纲等重要文件。文章还探讨了当代口语测验研究四个方面的发展趋势。

This paper gives a general perspective on the development of second language oral test. We divide it into 3 periods, which are named ＂Embryonic Period＂, ＂Growth Period＂ and ＂Converting and Mature Period＂. Oral test had a rapid development after the Second World War in North America, some influential language proficiency scales including the FSI scales, the ILR scales and the ACTFL scales were successively established. In addition, the paper points out four directions in current research of oral test.