辛伐他汀复合聚乳酸修复颅骨极限缺损的实验研究

Effect of Simvastatin-Polylactic Acid Compound on Critical Calvarial Defect

目的观察辛伐他汀与聚乳酸复合物修复颅骨极限缺损的效果。方法健康雄性SD大鼠20只,体重(150±10)g。制备直径为10mm的颅骨全层极限缺损模型。实验动物随机分成2组,每组10只。对照组缺损区单纯植入聚乳酸40mg;实验组缺损区植入辛伐他汀20mg,聚乳酸40mg。术后4周、8周通过大体观察、X线摄片比较颅骨缺损区新骨形成面积占总缺损面积百分比、不脱钙骨组织切片甲苯胺蓝染色观察颅骨缺损的修复情况。结果X线片显示术后8周,实验组大部分骨缺损区显示为不规则的高密度阴影,对照组大部分缺损区域仍为低密度透光影。各组(n=5)颅骨缺损区新骨形成面积占总缺损面积百分比,对照组为27.33%±2.54%,实验组为74.63%±2.42%,两组比较差异有显著性(t=-30.148,P=0.000)。不脱钙骨组织切片甲苯胺蓝染色显示,术后4周实验组骨缺损区有少量新骨形成,术后8周实验组骨缺损区被大量骨组织充填;对照组骨缺损区为剩余材料与纤维组织充填,仅在缺损周边有少量新骨形成。结论局部应用辛伐他汀有显著促进成骨的作用,对修复骨缺损具有良好的应用前景。

Objective To investigate the effect of simvastatin-polylactic acid compound on critical calvarial defects in rats.Methods Twenty male SD rats（150 g±10 g）,were used to establish critical cranial defect（10 mm in diameter）model.The animals were randomly divided into control and experiment groups（10 in each）.In the control group,40 mg of polylactic acid were implanted into the defect area;whereas in the experiment group,simvastatin-polylactic acid compound were used（20 mg simvastatin and 40 mg polylactic acid）.Four and eight weeks after the implantation,the defect area of the rats was observed by X-ray and toluidine blue staining.Results Eight weeks after the operation,X-ray examination showed high-density regions in the defect area in the experiment group,while low-density regions in the control group.The radiopacity of cranial defects were 27.33%±2.54% in the control group,and 74.63%±2.42% in the experimental group（n=5,t=-30.148,P=0.000）.Toluidine blue staining showed a few new bone tissues at 4 weeks and fully filled bone defect at 8 weeks in the experiment group.Meanwhile,in the control group,only a small quantity of new bone tissue could be seen on the edge of the cranial defects.Conclusion Locally implanted simvastain-polylactic acid compound is a promising method for the treatment of bone defect owing to its high osteogenic ability.