甘蓝型无花瓣油菜的生长发育特性

Growth and Development Characteristics of Apetalous Rape in Brassica nupus

为了解无花瓣油菜在花瓣消失后的生长发育特性,对贵州省油菜研究所育成的甘蓝型优质无瓣油菜品系与有瓣油菜进行了对比观察鉴定与分析。结果显示:1)无花瓣油菜的花器官除没有花瓣外,其他各部分(花萼、雄蕊、雌蕊及蜜腺)与其有瓣近等基因系无明显差异。2)有瓣油菜品种每朵单花花瓣发育所需的干物质为3.98g,占花器官总重的34.22%,花瓣消失后如果这些节省的能量全部流向籽粒,则理论上可获15.92%的增产,这尚不包括开花后花瓣强烈呼吸所消耗的部分。3)不论是哪一胞质类型的无瓣油菜在初花后其节能减耗的优势都有不同程度体现,具体表现在干物质积累速率均明显超过正常有瓣油菜,但由于白菜型和埃塞俄比亚芥两类胞质无瓣系的生长势从苗期起就一直普遍较弱,其总生物产量还是未赶上有瓣品种且差异较大,而只有甘蓝型胞质无瓣系的总生物产量明显超过有瓣品种。4)无瓣油菜普遍表现有效分枝位显著降低,分枝数明显增多;总开花数明显增加及有效角数增多;角粒数略有增加。

The comparative test of apetalous rape lines bred by Guizhou Rape Institute and petal rape varieties in Brassica nupus was carried out to know growth and development characteristics of apetalous rape lines after petals disappearance. The results showed that the calyx, stamen, pistil nectar gland of apetalous rape lines were similar to petal varieties except for petals. 2） Dry matter amount to support development of petals per flower of the petal rape variety was 3. 98g, which accounted for 34.3% total flower organ weight, if the saved energy was transferred to seeds, it could raise 15.92% of seed of yield theoretically. 3）The apetalous rape lines with different cytoplasm types had different energy-saving superiority to varvious degrees at early flowering stage, their dry matter accumulation speed was higher than the petal rape variety and the total biomass of the apetalous lines with Brassica nupus cytoplasm type was significantly higher than the petal variety. 4）The apetalous lines had the advantages of lower effective branches, more branches, more total flowering number, more effective pods and more seeds per pod compared with the petal variety.