苦瓜新品种桂农科一号和桂农科二号的选育

Selection and breeding for new bitter gourd varieties Guinongke 1 and Guinongke 2

根据华南地区对苦瓜春提早和秋延后栽培的需求选育出2个早熟、耐冷凉气候的苦瓜新品种,分别命名为桂农科一号和桂农科二号。2个品种表现为早熟,强雌性,第1雌花节位低,连续结瓜能力强,主侧蔓均可结瓜;在气温为12～23℃条件下,能正常开花结果;瓜皮油绿色;瓜型圆筒形,肩平蒂圆,大直瘤,商品性好。桂农科一号瓜长约35.0cm,横径8.0～9.0cm,肉厚1.2～1.4cm,平均单瓜重380g,产量约49500kg.ha-1;桂农科二号瓜长约30.0cm,横径8.0～10.0cm,肉厚1.3～1.5cm,平均单瓜重450g,味甘微苦,产量约52500kg.ha-1。2个品种均适宜在华南地区春秋露地和大棚种植。

Two new early-maturing and cold tolerant bitter gourd varieties, viz., Guinongke 1 and Guinongke 2, were bred to meet the requirement of cultivation in cold season of late autumn and early spring in south China. Both the varieties possessed similar characteristics such as early maturity, low first female flower node, strong gynoecious species, well flowering and fruiting at lower temperatures ranged from 12℃ to 23℃, and consecutive fruit setting. The fruit was cylindrical in shape, flat in pedicle side, big and straight wart with glossy green skin and good merchandise. Guinongke 1 was about 35.0 cm in length, 8.0-9.0 cm in diameter, 1.2-1.4 cm in flesh thickness and 380 g per melon in average weight, its yield was about 49500 kg.ha-1. The variety Guinongke 2 was about 30.0 cm in length, 8.0-10.0 cm in diameter, 1.3-1.5 cm in flesh thickness and 450 g per melon in average weight, its yield was about 52500 kg-ha-1. Both varieties were suitable for cultivation in open field or greenhouse in south China in spring and autumn periods.