限饲对合浦鹅生长性能和养分利用率的影响

Effects of feed restriction on nutrient digestibility and growth performance of Hepu geese

将48只1日龄合浦鹅预饲28 d后随机分为2组,采用相同日粮,对照组自由采食、试验组的投料量为对照组前一天采食量的85.0%,在42 d的饲养期间分别测定合浦鹅日增重、料重比和日粮养分表观消化率、血液生化指标和屠宰性能等指标,探讨限饲方式对合浦鹅生长性能和养分利用的影响。结果表明,试验组鹅的实际饲料采食量为对照组的80.5%,其日均增重显著低于对照组(P<0.05),但料重比则显著优于对照组(P<0.05);试验组鹅的粗脂肪(6周龄)和干物质表观消化代谢率(9周龄)显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而两者的其他养分表观消化代谢率在两次消化代谢试验中均无显著差异(P>0.05);对照组试鹅宰前活重虽高于试验组(P<0.05),但其屠宰率和半净膛率与试验组无明显差异(P>0.05);试验组鹅的尿素氮、尿酸、低密度脂蛋白、谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶和碱性磷酸酶稍高于对照组,其他各项血液生化指标则稍低于对照,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。由此可见,当合浦鹅限食量达到19.5%时,其日粮养分消化率虽无明显提高,但饲料转化效率较高,说明适当限饲不仅能改善鹅胴体和肌肉品质,而且有可能提高饲料转化效率,降低饲料和饲养成本,提高经济效益。

Forty-eight Hepu geese after a feeding period of 28 d after birth were randomly divided into 2 groups for a feeding trial of 42 d. The diet for two groups of geese was the same. The geese in control group （CG） were fed with ad libitum but feed for geese in treatment group （TG） was restricted within 85% of amount consumed by geese in CG at a day before. The average daily gain, feed/gain ratio, apparent digestibility of nutrients in diet, serum parameters and slaughter traits of geese were determined during the trial for measuring the effects of feed restriction on nutrient digestibility and growth performanee. The result showed that feed intake of TG was 80.5% of that taken by CG. The average daily gain of geese in TG was less than that of geese in CG （P〈0.05）, but the feed/gain ratio in TG was better than CG （P〈0.05）. The apparent digestibility of crude fat （EE） （6 weeks） and dry matter （DM） （9 weeks） from diet in TG was much better than that in CG （P〈 0.05）, but not much difference was observed for the other nutrients in diet between the two groups （P 〉0.05）. Although the live weight of geese in CG was heavier than that of geese in TG before slaughtering （P〈0.05）, no much difference was observed in carcass yield and eviscerated yield of geese within the two groups. Even though the contents of urea-N, uric acid, low-density lipoprotein, alkaline phosphatase, glutamic-pyruvie transaminase（GPT）and glutamic-oxal（o）acetic transaminase （GOT） in serum of geese from TG appeared to be more than those from CG and other serum parameters also seemed to be lower in TG, the difference for all the serum parameters of geese between tow groups was not significant （P 〉0.05）. Therefore, when the restriction of feed intake was 19.5%, the feed conversion rate was still better than that from control. No much difference in apparent digestibility of nutrients in diet between two groups indicated that proper restriction of feed for Hepu geese not only can improve quality of meat and carcass, but also can increase benefits from feed conversion rate and profits in the geese feeding production.