马克思对剥削与贫困问题经济伦理意蕴的揭示

Karl Marx's Explanation of Economic Ethics on Exploitation and Poverty

在马克思那里,剥削是指剥削劳动,即以不平等的方式支配和控制他人的剩余劳动。马克思认为,剥削的形式随着生产方式的不同而变化;资本主义剥削作为价值增殖现象贯穿资本主义生产、流通整个过程;资本主义剥削关系虽然被交换关系的表面现象所掩蔽,但其内在的矛盾必将激化;剩余价值率是劳动力剥削程度的正确表现。正是资本主义剥削,带来了无产阶级贫困化问题。这些观点体现了资本主义伦理关系的不平等由生产关系的不平等性制约等经济伦理意蕴。

From Karl Marx's viewpoint,exploitation means exploiting labor-power,i.e. distributing and controlling the surplus labor-power of others in an unfair way. According to him,the form of exploitation changes with different means of production. As a phenomenon of value addition,capitalist exploitation exists all through the process of capitalist production and circulation while surplus value ratio is the very index of labor exploitation. Although capitalist exploitation is disguised in trade relationships,its inherent contradiction irrevocably emerges and deteriorates. Marx maintains that it is capitalist exploitation that gives birth to the poverty of the proletariat.All these reveal such economic ethics that inequality of capitalist ethical relations is related to inequality of production relations.