海南岛西部不同林龄橡胶林土壤有机碳和全氮特征研究(摘要)(英文)

Characteristics of Soil Organic Carbon and Total Nitrogen in Rubber Plantations Soil at Different Age Stages in the Western Region of Hainan Island

[目的]研究不同林龄橡胶林土壤有机碳和氮特征,评估橡胶林生态效益,为研究热带土地利用变化对全球碳氮循环的影响提供基础数据。[方法]研究地点位于中国海南岛西部儋州市境内,研究土壤为4种不同林龄橡胶林土壤和1个对照样本土壤。每类样地随机设置4个样方:每个样方面积为20cm×20cm,分0～15cm,15～30cm,30～45cm,45～60cm4个层次采集土壤样品,取其平均值作为每类样地的最终分析结果。采用环刀法测定各层土壤密度,采用烘干法测定土壤的含水量和吸湿水,采用低温外热重铬酸钾氧化-比色法测定土壤有机碳含量,采用半微量开氏法测定土壤总氮含量。[结果]①不同林龄橡胶林胶园(包括对照的胡椒地,下同)各土壤层次土壤有机碳含量变化不大,但普遍表现为表层土壤(0～15cm)有机碳含量高于平均值,下层土壤(45～60cm)有机碳含量低于平均值,中间2层的(15～30cm、30～45cm)变化不大,在平均值上下浮动;②不同林龄橡胶林胶园土壤有机碳含量介于6.02～7.78g/kg,相互间存在显著差异,幼林晚期(7龄)>胡椒地(CK)>老龄即将更新树(30龄)>幼林早期(2龄)>开割树(16龄);③橡胶林有机碳储量主要决定于其含量和土壤容重,不同林龄橡胶林胶园土壤有机碳储量介于61.33～74.28t/hm2,相互间不存在差异,数值上老龄即将更新树(30龄)>幼林晚期(7龄)>幼林早期(2龄)>胡椒地(CK)>开割树(16龄);④不同林龄橡胶林土壤全氮含量介于410.86～664.14mg/kg2,相互差异显著,胡椒地(CK)>幼林晚期(7龄)>幼林早期(2龄)>老龄即将更新树(30龄)>开割树(16龄),开割树(16龄)土壤全氮含量极显著低于其他样地;⑤不同林龄橡胶林样地土壤C/N比值介于10.94～14.47,相互差异极显著,C/N比值开割树(16龄)>老龄即将更新树(30龄)>幼林晚期(7龄)>胡椒地(CK)>幼林早期(2龄)。[结论]种植天然橡胶对热带土壤碳氮含量、储量及C/N比值没有特殊的不良影响,与对照胡椒地间不存在显著差异,种植天然橡胶与种植热带作物(胡椒)对热带土壤碳氮影响类似。

[Objective]The aim was to study on the characteristics of soil organic carbon and nitrogen in rubber （Hevea brasiliensis Muell-Arg） plantations at different age stages in the western region of Hainan Island,so as to evaluate the ecological benefits of rubber plantations and provide basic data for studying the effect of tropical land utilization/cover change on the global carbon and nitrogen cycle. [Method]The situs was in Danzhou city,western region of Hainan Island,and the samples were four kinds of rubber plantations soil at different ages and one kind of control check （pepper,Piper nigrum L.） soil. In this research,four quadrats were set up in each sample,and the size of each was 20 cm×20 cm. Four specimens were gathered from four layers of 0-15,15-30,30-45,45-60,and the average of them was the last analysis result of each sample. Soil density was measured by cutting ring method,soil containing and hygroscopic water was detected by oven drying method,soil organic carbon （SOC） was measured by low temperature heated outside potassium dichromate oxidation-colorimetry method,and soil total nitrogen （STN） was detected by semimicro Kjeldahl method. [Result]SOC contents of different layers in rubber plantations soil at different age stages （including the CK pepper soil,the same as below） varied little,and the content of SOC in surface layer （0-15 cm） was higher,while the underlayer （45-60 cm） was lower than the average value; there was significant difference in SOC content among different kinds of soil,and the content was of 6.03-7.78 g/kg,tapping young trees （7 years） CK pepper mature age trees （30 years） prophase of young trees （2 years） tapping trees （16 years）; there was no significant difference in SOC storage among different kinds of soil,and the storage was of 61.33-74.29 t/hm2,mature age trees （30 years） tapping young trees （7 years） prophase of young trees （2 years） CK pepper tapping trees （16 years）; there was significant difference in STN content among rubber plantations soil at different age stages,the content was of 410.86-664.14 mg/kg2,CK pepper tapping young trees （7 years） prophase of young trees （2 years） mature age trees （30 years） tapping trees （16 years）,and STN content of tapping trees （16 years） soil was extremely lowest; there was significant difference in C/N ratio among different kinds of soil,the ratio was of 10.94-14.47,and the ratio of tapping trees （16 years） mature age trees （30 years） tapping young trees （7 years） CK pepper prophase of young trees （2 years）. [Conclusion]There wasn＇t unhealthy effect of rubber trees planted in tropical area on the content and storage of SOC,the content of STN and the ratio of C/N. there was no significant difference between rubber plantations and CK pepper soil,and the effects of rubber plantation on soil carbon-nitrogen was similar to that of other tropical crops （such as pepper）.