顽石的风流

Charm of Stones

这是一篇通过一个独特的现象即赏石文化来研究中国文化精神的论文。中国的赏石文化中贯穿着一种重视天趣、重视自然的思想。本文从四个方面展开论述:一是中国人欣赏石的怪、顽、瘦、朴等,主要受到道、禅哲学的影响,它反映了从秩序中逃遁的自由观念,包含着质疑社会理性的思想;二是中国人对石的欣赏,直接影响它的审美观念,石文而丑的思想中,包含着中国美学反对人工、反对技术的重要选择,三是中国人通过石来抚慰生命、品味生命,石不能言最可人的观念中,反映出中国人对内在生命关注的倾向;四是中国人用石来创造独特的艺术品,如假山,在虽由人作、宛自天开的创造中,体验造化的精神。

The present article studies Chinese culture spirit through a unique phenomenon：culture of appreciating stones. The idea of cherishing nature runs through Chinese stone-appreciation culture. The present article discusses the problem in the following four aspects. First,Chinese people prefer stones which are strange,unique,thin and simple; it is influenced mainly by Taoist and Buddhist ideas,reflecting the idea of freedom from existing order and containing the idea of questioning social rationality. Second,Chinese people＇s appreciation of stones directly influences Chinese aesthetics; Chinese people think that stones which are carved with characters are ugly,which contains the important choice against artifact and technique in Chinese aesthetics. Third,Chinese people comfort and appreciate life through stones; the idea that speechless stones are most lovely reflects the tendency to emphasize inner life. Fourth,Chinese people use stones to create unique artistic works such as rockery and experience the creation spirit in the process.