富营养化对珊瑚礁生态系统影响的研究进展

Recent progress on effect of eutrophication on coral reef ecosystem

根据国外最新文献,综述了富营养化对珊瑚礁生态系统影响的研究进展情况,这些进展主要包括:(1)对珊瑚生长及其共生虫黄藻的影响(如对珊瑚钙化作用、组织生长、虫黄藻的密度及其光合作用等的影响);(2)对珊瑚繁殖和补充的影响(包括对珊瑚的生育、受精、胚胎和幼虫的发展及其幼虫的附着等的影响);(3)对珊瑚疾病的影响(如对白化现象、疾病的易感性和病菌的适应性等的影响);(4)对珊瑚礁生态系统群落结构演替的影响(如刺激造礁藻的生长或者促进珊瑚礁不常见的营养性藻类变成优势种)。同时指出了一些该领域未来研究的重点,包括(1)珊瑚共生系对富营养化的长期性响应机制;(2)结合同位素技术和叶绿素荧光技术研究外部富营养化对珊瑚共生系碳、氮循环的影响;(3)富营养化对珊瑚繁殖和补充不同阶段的影响机制;(4)加强珊瑚病毒细菌的种类、结构研究,从基因这个微观的角度来研究富营养化对珊瑚疾病的影响机制;(5)富营养化与草食动物对珊瑚礁群落结构产生的耦合效应研究;(6)指示珊瑚礁生态系统富营养化的生物化学指标研究等。

The impact of eutrophication on the coral reefs was dramatically brought to the world＇ s attention. And a lot of ecologists have deeply researched it through laboratory and field experiments. The systematical reviews and synthesizes were done by the available information on the effects of eutrophication on （ 1 ） calcification, tissue growth, zooxanthellae populations and photosynthesis in adult hard corals ; （ 2 ） the six main stages of coral repeoduction and recruitment （ including gamete production, egg fertilization, embryo development and laval survival, larval settlement and metamorphosis, recruit survival and juvenile growth and survival ） ; （ 3 ） coral diseases ; （4） the succession of coral reef community structure. At last, the important aspects in this area, the needs to be investigated in future were pointed out. It includes （ 1 ） the long-term response of coral-zooxanthellae symbiosis to eutrophication ; （ 2 ） the applying of isotopic tracing technology and chlorophyll fluorescence technique to study the impact of eutrophication on carbon and nitrogen cycle in the coral-zooxanthella symbiosis; （3） the effects mechanism of eutrophication on the coral reproduction, recruitment and coral disease ; （4） the interaction of eutrophication and herbivore on coral community structure; （5） the identity of the organisms and processes might be useful as a biological indicator of nutrient stress.