四川德阳市三种不同树形梨园冠层特征与品质的相关研究

Correlation Between Canopy Structure Characteristics and Fruit Quality Among Three Tree Systems of Pear Orchard in Deyang,Sichuan Province

以绵竹市遵道镇棚花村的‘鲜黄’梨为试材,应用WinSCANOPY2005a冠层分析仪对Y字形、平棚形与疏散分层形3种树形的冠层结构特点、产量、品质差异及其相关性进行了比较研究。结果表明:平棚形冠层开度,平均叶倾角,冠下直射、散射及总光合光量子通量密度显著高于Y字形和疏散分层形,而叶面积系数显著低于另2种树形。3种树形冠层开度、叶面积指数与冠下光合有效光量子通量密度有显著相关性,并且不同树体间差别很大。平棚形果实单果质量、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、糖酸比显著高于Y字形和疏散分层形,而产量、可滴定酸和石细胞含量均显著低于这2种树形。平棚形树冠不同部位果实品质最一致。冠层特征参数与产量、品质指标存在显著相关性,其中冠层开度与可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、糖酸比和单果质量呈极显著正相关,与可滴定酸呈极显著负相关。

A comparative study was made on the canopy structure characteristics, quantity of the output and quality difference as well as their correlation among the Y-shaped system, Horizontal trellis system and Delayed-open central leader system of ＇Sunhwang＇ pear tree with WinSCANO- PY2005a for hemispherical image analysis. The results showed that canopy openness, MLA, PPFD in Horizontal trellis system were significantly higher than those in Y-shaped system and Delayed open central leader system, but the LAI was significantly lower in Horizontal trellis sys- tem than that in the other two systems. Canopy openness, MAL and LAI have significant correla tions with PPFD,and great differences existed among the tree samples. Single fruit weight, total contents of soluble solid and sugar, and sugar-acid ratio of Horizontal trellis system were higher, whereas fruit yield per tree, titratable acid and stone cell contents were lower in contrast with those of Y shaped system and Delayed-open central leader system. Consistency of fruit quality in different positions of Horizontal trellis system was the best. The significant correlations were found between the canopy characteristics parameters and yield as well as main quality indexes. And the canopy openness was in significantly positive correlation to the total soluble solid and sugars, sugar acid ratio and single fruit weight, but negatively correlated with titratable acid.