“五四”运动前《圣经》汉译的策略选择

Extra-text and Intra-text Tactics in Bible Translation into Chinese before May 4th Movement

"五四"运动前,《圣经》汉译经历了唐、明和清三个阶段。译者主要采用了文本内翻译策略和文本外翻译策略。文本内翻译策略包括政治适应性、翻译并行性、文学趋向性和翻译渐进性;文本外翻译策略包括增译、减译、替代、注释、音译、直译。这些翻译策略对《圣经》文化的传播、读者的培养和后来《圣经》汉译有着巨大的推动和借鉴意义。《圣经》汉译不仅推动了中国与信仰基督教国家之间的交流,也推动了中国古代翻译事业的发展,深化了人们对翻译本身的认识。

Bible translation into Chinese developed from Tang Dynasty, Ming Dynasty to Qing Dynasty before May 4th Movement. The translators adopted such extratext tactics as adjusting translation to political situations, translating other materials while doing Bible, tending to literature translation and translating Bible gradually. Meanwhile such intra - text tactics as addition, subtraction, substitution, noting, transliteration and literal translation were used. Those tactics have a great significance in transmitting the Bible culture,training Bible＇s readers, and translating Bible into Chinese later. Bible translation into Chinese promoted the communication between China and Christian countries and the development of China＇sancient translation, and deepened people＇s understanding of translating.