农业对环境影响的国际研究进展

Progress of International Study on Agricultural Environmental Impact

分析了2000年以来国际学术界对农业的环境影响的文献,认为该领域受学者的关注程度逐渐增加,相关研究领域逐步拓宽,研究所涵盖的地域范围不断扩大,且研究使用的方法更加多样化。主要研究专题包括气候变化影响下的农业环境,农业化学物质使用对环境带来的影响,农业土地利用状况变化对环境的影响等。主要研究方法包括建立系统性生态指标,使用生命周期评价(LCA)方法,信息技术和建模分析等。众多国际研究为研究中国的农业可持续发展提供了重要启迪。尤其是专业村的发展、农业劳动力减少导致的投入变化以及组织方式的特殊性及变化对环境的影响。

The paper reviews literature published since 2000 on agricultural environmental impact, summarizing that relevant studies have been given increasing attention, the spectrum of relevant studies has expanded, as well as the geographical coverage, furthermore, research methods have become more diversified. Main research fo- cuses include agricultural environment impact in the context of climate change, environmental impacts exerted by u- tilization of agricultural chemicals and agricultural land use chang, etc. Typical methodologies include establishing environmental indicators, using Life Cycle Assessment, using information technology and modeling approaches etc. Results of these international researches will greatly benefit the sustainable development of Chinese agriculture, especially dealing with environmental impact in the context of specialized villages, labor force migration related input structural change, and unique characteristics in organizational structure.