木霉菌株T_(95)生物学特性的研究

BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF Trichoderma STRAIN “T 95 ”

木霉菌株Ｔ９５在ＰＤＡ培养基、麦芽糖培养基、查彼培养基、苹果树皮煎汁和基本培养基上均能生长。其中在ＰＤＡ、查彼和基本培养基上，菌丝生长较快，产孢量也较多。在ＰＤＡ培养基上，菌丝生长的温度范围是１５～３５℃，产孢的温度范围是１０～３７℃，菌丝生长和产孢的最适温度为２５℃；菌丝生长和产孢的ｐＨ值范围是２～１１，最适ｐＨ值为４。在基本培养基上，葡萄糖为菌丝生长的最佳碳源，木糖为产孢的最佳碳源；蛋白胨和牛肉浸膏是菌丝生长的最佳氮源，天门冬素是产孢的最佳氮源；维生素Ｂ１和Ｂ２对产孢作用较大。菌丝生长和产孢的最佳微量元素是Ｍｇ。分生孢子萌发需要一定的营养，ＰＤＡ膜好于２％琼脂膜。孢子萌发的温度范围是１５～３５℃，最适温度为２５℃；ｐＨ值范围是２～１１，ｐＨ值为３～５时萌发率较高；接种后８ｈ开始萌发，时间集中在１６～２４ｈ内。在２５℃时，孢子萌发的最适相对湿度为７０～８０％，最低相对湿度为５０％。

Trichoderma Strain “T 95 ”can grow on the basic culture medium, medium of PDA, Maltose, Czapec, bark juice of apple tree. On the PDA, Czepec and basic medium, the faster growth of hyphae and the more spores was observed than that on the other mediums. The temperature range for hypae growth and spore production is 10～37℃ for PDA. The optimal temperature for hyphae growth and spore producion is 25℃. The pH for hyphae growth and spore production ranged from 2 to 11. The optimal pH is 4. For the basic culture medium, the glucose is best carbon source for hyphae growth and xylose for spore production. Protein peptone and beef extract are the best nitrogen source for hyphae growth and asparagin is the best nitrogen source for spore production. Vitamin B 1 and B 2 played important roles on spore production. Haphae growth and spore production also required the Mg. Conidio spore germination also needs nutrients. For nutrient supply, PDA membrane is better than that of agar. The temperature for spore germination ranged from 15 to 35℃ and the optimal was 25℃. The pH for spore germination ranged from pH 2 to 11 and the optimal pH for spore germination was 3～5. The spore began to germ 8 hours after inoculation and sprout mainly from 12 to 24 hours. The optimal relative humidity for spore germination at 25℃ is 70%～80% and the lowest humidity is 50%.