抗菌肽对细菌胞内杀伤作用的分子机制

Molecular Mechanism of Intracellular Killing Effect of Antimicrobial Peptides on Microbes

抗菌肽是广泛存在于生物体内的一类小分子多肽,具有广谱抗菌、不易诱发微生物产生耐药性的特点。抗菌肽不仅可以在细胞膜上形成穿膜孔道,使膜快速去极化,引起细菌死亡,还有其特殊的胞内杀伤机制,包括通过与核酸结合阻断DNA复制、RNA合成;影响蛋白质合成;抑制隔膜、细胞壁合成,阻碍细胞分裂;抑制胞内酶的活性等途径,干扰细菌正常生理代谢,从而抑制细菌生长、杀灭细菌。本文就抗菌肽对细菌胞内杀伤作用的分子机制作一综述,并对当前抗菌肽应用中存在的一些问题进行初步探讨。

Antimicrobial peptides（AMPs）,a class of small peptides widely existing in many organisms,with broad spectrum antimicrobial activities and may prevent microbes from developing resistance to the AMPs.The antimicrobial peptides may not only kill the microbes by forming pore on the membrane and leading depolarization of cell membrane,but also have unique mechanisms for attacking the intracellular targets of microbes.For example,AMPs may bind with nucleic acids and suppress the DNA replication and RNA transcription;interfere with protein synthesis;inhibit cell division by blocking dissepiment and cell wall synthesis;and inhibit the enzyme activities inside the cells.All the mechanisms may disturb the natural physiological pathways and inhibit the growth of microbes or even kill the microbes.This paper reviews the molecular mechanism of intracellular killing effect of antimicrobial peptides on microbes as well as some problems in current application of AMPs.