中药真菌药用的固体发酵工程

Medicinal solid fermentation engineering of Chinese traditional medicine fungal

真菌药用“固体发酵”工艺是中药传统范畴内仅有的，也是历史上诞生最早的一类生物制药技术，如中药真菌药物“神曲”的制作，沿用至今已有1500余年历史。这类产品与中医药关系密切、用途广泛。此项工艺长期未经过从“制曲工艺”、“固体培养”、“固体发酵”等发展阶段至今已走向固体发酵系列工程，道路宽广、前景良好，本文介绍它的发展简历，各阶段的代表产品及其生产工艺特点，尤以现代的“普通发酵”、“双向发酵”为重点，列举其研发思路、重要研究发现等，并以“槐耳菌质”、“槐芪菌质”、“灵雷菌质”为代表作系统简介，建议作为业内当前应重点注意的研发方向。同时理论上提示，系列内还可能存在的“多茵发酵”、“特因发酵”等创新空间，犹待继续研究发展。期望各种“菌质”能在中医药领域显示独特的重要作用．

Medicinal solid fermentation technology of fungal was unique within the traditional Chinese medicine and one of the oldest bio-pharmaceutical technology in the history, for example, the production of medicated leaven named ＂Shenqu＂, the history of which had continued for more than 1,500 years. These kinds of productions were widly used and had a close relationship with Chinese medicine. The development of this technology had through stages of ＂yeast production＂, ＂solid culture＂, ＂solid fermentation＂, and nowadays toward a series engineering of solid fermentation with promising prospects. The author described the development of its history briefly, and the representative products and the characteristics of production process of every stage, respectively. This research focused on taking ＇Trametes robinioplila Mulr. fermentation substance＂, ＂Trametes robinioplila Murr. ＆ Astragalus membranaceus Bge. fermentation substance＂ and ＂Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.f. ＆ Ganoderma lucidurn fermentation substance＂ as examples to introduce R ＆ D ideas and important findings of ＂ordinary fermentation＂ and ＂bi-directional fermentation＂ which were recommended as studying hotspots. There were many unique and important functions in the fields of Traditional Chinese Medicine about all kinds of ＂fermentation substances＂. It is infered that there may exist some other innovate technologies such as ＂Multi-fungal fermentation＂, ＂Special elements fermentation＂, etc. which are remained to be researched and developed continuely. All kinds of ＇~fermentation substances＂ are looked forward to show unique and important roles in the fields of Traditional Chinese Medicine.