从“应试教育校园文化”到“素质教育文化校园”——论当前学校文化的特点与转型

From "Campus Culture of Examination Education" to "Cultural Campus of Quality Education":on the Characteristics and Transformation of School Culture at the Present Time

课程改革是一项综合性的工作,它必然要涉及到整个学校文化的重建。校园文化是一个综合的复杂系统,它是在学校中形成并发展的知识、信仰、艺术、法律、道德、风俗以及教师与学生从社会中获取的各种能力与习惯。传统的学校文化是指现实中以智育至上、以应试教育为目标的学校文化,它有目标的功利性、内容的封闭性、评价的片面性等特点。重建学校文化,在理念上应坚持从应试教育的学校文化转向素质教育的文化校园,把单一机械的学校文化转变成丰富而有创造性的学校文化,把成人化的学校文化转向符合青少年身心发展的学校文化。在方法上应通过改革校长任命制度与加强校长专业发展树立正确的办学思想,通过教师培训促成教师的教学观与学生观的变革,通过评价改革尤其是高考改革引导学校整体加强学校文化建设。

Curriculum reform is a comprehensive project involving the reconstruction of school culture. Campus culture is a comprehensive and complex system which forms and develops in schools and includes knowledge, faith, art, law, morals, customs as well as various abilities and habits gained by teachers and students from the society. Traditional school culture makes intellectual education its most important part and examination its orientation with the characteristics of being utilitarian in objective, closed in content and unilateral in appraisal. To reconstruct school culture, we should stick to the conceptions of turning the campus culture of examination education into the cultural campus of quality education, changing the simple mechanic school culture into the colorful creative one, and adult- oriented school culture into youngster-oriented school culture beneficial to the development of teenagers＇ body and mind. Besides, in method, we should establish the correct ideas of running schools by reforming the headmaster appointment system and enhancing the professional development of headmasters, bring about the changes of teachers＇ views of teaching and students＇ views of learning through teacher training, and lead the schools to strengthen the construction of school culture by evaluating the reformation, especially the reform of college entrance examination.